Angina is a type of temporary chest pain, pressure or discomfort that occurs when the heart is not getting enough oxygen. The most common cause of angina is coronary artery disease, which occurs when the coronary arteries that supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood become blocked with deposits of fatty plaque.

A blood clot in the lung (pulmonary embolism), collapse of a small area of the lung or inflammation of the lining around the lung can cause heart or  chest pain that usually feels sharp, and often gets worse when you take a deep breath or cough. Asthma, which generally also causes shortness of breath, wheezing, or coughing.

Some more causes of chest pain are:
High blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, cardiac causes, obesity and family history of heart attacks at ages younger than 60 years, one or more previous heart attacks etc.

A heart attack pain is caused by coronary heart disease, or coronary artery disease. Heart pain may be caused by cholesterol buildup in the coronary arteries (atherosclerosis), blood clots, or spasm of the vessels that supply blood to the heart.

Angina is a type of heart-related chest pain. This pain occurs because your heart is not getting enough blood and oxygen. Inflammation or infection in the tissue around the heart (pericarditis) causes pain in the center part of the chest. Pneumonia, which causes chest pain that usually feels sharp, and often gets worse when you take a deep breath or cough.

Chest pain has many possible causes, all of which deserve medical attention. The causes of chest pain fall into two major categories, cardiac and non cardiac causes.
Heart attack.
Angina.
Other cardiac causes.
Heartburn.
Panic attack.
Pleurisy.
Costochondritis.
Pulmonary embolism.
Sore muscles.
Injured ribs or pinched nerves.
Swallowing disorders.

Chest pain is merely a symptom, not a diagnosis. Many medical problems can cause chest pain, and before the chest pain can be adequately treated, the actual underlying cause needs to be identified. There are numbers of common causes of chest pain which are seen in the emergency room. Some of them are;
Heart attack, heartburn,asthma, aortic dissection, peptic ulcer and many more.